Which nutrients are considered essential in small amounts for physiological functions?

Micronutrients are considered essential nutrients needed in small amounts for various physiological functions within the body. This group includes vitamins and minerals, which play critical roles in processes such as energy production, immune function, and bone health, among others. Despite being required in smaller quantities compared to macronutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, micronutrients are vital for maintaining overall health and preventing deficiencies that can lead to serious health issues.

Macronutrients, while necessary for energy and growth, are required in much larger amounts, making them distinct from micronutrients, which serve specific regulatory roles in bodily functions. Carbohydrates and proteins also fall under the category of macronutrients, and while they are important for energy and muscle repair, they do not fit the definition of substances necessary in small amounts for physiological function.