What should participants with cardiovascular disease avoid during exercise?

Participants with cardiovascular disease should avoid isometric training or Valsalva maneuvers during exercise because these methods can significantly increase blood pressure and place undue strain on the heart. Isometric exercises involve holding a muscle contraction without movement, which does not allow the heart’s pumping efficiency to adequately adapt to the increased resistance. This can lead to spikes in blood pressure, posing risks for those with cardiovascular issues.

Additionally, the Valsalva maneuver, which occurs when a person exhales forcefully against a closed airway (often performed during heavy lifting), can also lead to acute increases in both blood pressure and intrathoracic pressure. For individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions, such strains can potentially precipitate adverse cardiac events.

In contrast, other forms of exercise, such as low to moderate-intensity training, can often be beneficial for those with cardiovascular disease as they improve cardiovascular health and fitness without placing excessive stress on the heart. It’s important for participants to engage in safe and appropriate exercise practices tailored to their health status to enhance their fitness while minimizing risks.