What condition is characterized by the buildup of cholesterol and fat in artery walls?

The condition characterized by the buildup of cholesterol and fat in artery walls is atherosclerosis. This process involves the formation of plaques within the arterial walls, which can lead to the narrowing and hardening of the arteries. Over time, these plaques can restrict blood flow and may result in serious cardiovascular issues, including heart attacks and strokes.

Atherosclerosis is a significant health concern, influenced by risk factors such as high cholesterol levels, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes. Understanding atherosclerosis is essential for promoting cardiovascular health and designing effective interventions in fitness programs.

The other conditions mentioned do not pertain to the buildup of cholesterol and fat in arteries. Osteoporosis deals with bone density and weakness, sclerosis generally refers to abnormal hardening of body tissue, and muscular dystrophy is related to a genetic disorder that affects muscle strength and function.